Nuremberg laws

Anti Semitic (hatred) laws against Jews, originated by the Nazi Government in 1935 . Purpose of the Nuremberg laws  based on the belief of scientific racism ,Separate Jews from Germans (Aryans) and Deprived Jews of German citizenship.

Chapter 17 Revolutions of industrialization

What I learned about chapter 17 is that Europe's modern  transformation had a greater significance for the history of the humankind   than the industrial Revolution which took place in 1750 and 1900. French revolution transformed European society , agricultural revolution some 12,000 years ago had a way of life been so fundamentally altered. Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, spread much more rapidly than agriculture. More than Christianity, democracy or capitalism. Industrial Revolution marks a human response to that dilemma as non renewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas replaced the endlessly renewable energy sources of Wind, water and wood. Technological innovations: The Spinning Jenny, Power Loom, Steam Engine, Cotton Gin = culture of innovation. The new societies of the Americas offered a growing number market for European machine produced goods  and generated substantial profits for European merchants and entrepreneurs.Those who benefited the most from industrialization were members of that amorphous group called the middle class

Chapter 20 Collapse At The Center World War , Depression , & The Rebalancing of Global Power 1914 -1970s

 The  conflict of the " Great War " which came to be called the First World War  or World War 1 (1914- 1998 ) achieved the twentieth century. European civil war provoked the  Russian Revolution and the start of world communism.  The beginnings of world  communism followed by the economic meltdown of the Great Depression and the horror of the Holocaust. The dominating center of the modern system inflicted self destructed with long term implications. The war brought social and cultural changes. The return of the veterans back into the civilian life was not a easy task as they had experienced gruesome things in war such as the death of a friend or killing someone in combat. They had a program called " homes for heros ". Women had to return back home and leave factory work where they couldn't do " men's jobs" . The war had affected tradition  in various ways.  The Great war brought a number of new states into existences.   

Empire in Collision

Focus 

To review the reforms initiated by  the Ottoman rulers in the mid - nineteenth century.

A model of a centralized government.

imperial ------ Absolute  ------ regional government  

court                  rule                              ↑

 ↑                                                         civil

                                                                ↑ 

civil                                                   military 

↑                                                              ↑

military                                                   legal religious 

↑                                                             

legal 

Ottoman empire 

-political  structures; 

- government : centralized state 

- grand vizier : second to sultan , oversaw the daily operations of government    

- regional governors : collected taxes, provided soldiers to emperor , And oversaw the running of provinces within the empire.

Decline of the Ottoman empire 

- By the 18th century , Ottoman empire began to decline : 

- political : Shifea from a merit system to a hereditary system. 

- economic : breakdown  of two collection , wars ,and expenses of the royal household contributed to decline.

- social : relgious and ethic groups began to challange Authority of the Ottmans.