Chapter 15

Christian Humanism 
- Christian humanism sought to reform the Catholic church.Stressing a rationalized approach to faith. 
- Christian humanism established schools to educate christians in their faith.
-Christians Humanism  laid the foundation for the protestant reformation. 

Chapter 14 Economic Transformation + documents

Focus: Explore economic transformations of the early modern era (1450-1750)

Examine the origins of the transatlantic slave trade.

Origins of transatlantic slave trade.

- Portuguese traders import African slaves into America in mid 1500s.

-Spanish & portuguese required cheap labor for mining & plantation system.

-Used Native americans as enslaved labor initially.

- Shifted to african enslaved labor due to American resistance to European diseases and knowledge of mining and cultivation of sugar.

Transatlantic slave trade

-from 1500-1800 slaves trade transported 10-15 million Africans to the Americans.

-Portuguese introduced African slavery into the Americans.

-African slavery became a foundation for economic transformations of the early Modern period. 

Africa and global trade

- West African Kingdoms derived their wealth from the gold trade .

-West African Kingdom supplied gold to kingdoms of Europe.Asia,to central Asia.

-From 900-1500, West African Kingdom had a monopoly on gold.

African trade & slavery 

- West African Kingdoms participated in intra- African slave trade.

-Inter- tribal Warfare led to slavery within Africa.

-With trans-regional trade, African slaves endured forced migration to other parts of the world.

The documents for chapter 14 we had to see the image and analyze it . The illustration in  14.1 we see Tea and Porcelain in Europe in the eighteenth   century tea was becoming popular as well as the Chinese teacups.Tea came to Europe in the sixteenth century in Portuage ships. Tea was expensive  and only the wealthy were able to have it. the price dropped and the supply increased and by the 18th century is had spread in Europe. Tea wasn't the only thing that became popular the Chinese tea cups without handles became poplar as well. Like many other porcelain products they had been made by Chinese artisans. 

Chapter 13

Chapter 13 talks about the development of the Empires and encounters in the time period of 1450-1750.
The early Modern Era from 1450-1750 when empire building was a global process. Empire building  during the twentieth and twenty - first century was difficult as well as " imperialist" it had became a source of insult rather than joy and pride. Massive changes occurred  old societies had been destroyed and new societies had arose as Native Americans, Europeans and Africans came into contact with one another for the first time in world history. 
Positive &  Negative of  Imperialism
         The Great Dying Enormous death toll caused by Old World diseases such as smallpox,measles,typhus, influenza,malaria, and later yellow fever.  In many cases losing up to 90 percent of the population. this is heartbreaking that so many people died.Smallpox is the most devastating diseases known to humanity. Many died from this plague but many others died of hunger. Due to them not being able to get up to search for food and everyone else being sick to care for them they starved to death in their beds. If they would have had the right resources to be able to have the food they needed they would have been able to survive.
                      Trade and globalization 
 The Columbian exchange an enormous network of communication of labor - migration  and slavery, trade , transfer of plants and animals. Export and imports of diseases , silver, and ideas , and development of global markets. 
To Europe Corn, potatoes,cassava ( tapioca) peanuts,silver , and probably syphilis 
To America Rice, sugarcane,grapes,horses,pigs,cattle,goats,sheep,smallpox,and slavery. 

Yay – I’m done!